The combat capability of a military at night is largely determined by the quality of low-light night-vision equipment. In contemporary military conflicts, various countries with sophisticated capabilities have been actively advancing low-light night vision equipment to achieve a substantial transition from “one-way transparency” to “exclusive control of the night.” This study systematically reviews the global development history and technological progress of low-light night vision equipment, focusing on the progression and current state of development in three countries: the United States, Russia, and France. It also explores specific investments, technological innovation paths, and actual applications in the development of low-light night vision equipment across these nations. By comparing and analyzing the developmental experiences of various countries regarding low-light night vision equipment technology, this study offers a reference and inspiration for the development of low-light night vision equipment in China. This comprehensive analysis demonstrates that low-light night vision technology is crucial in augmenting the combat capability of the military at night and guaranteeing national security, indicating that low-light night vision technology will play a crucial role in the military domain in the future.