The finite element analysis (FEA) softeware ABAQUS is applied to establish the finite element model (FEM) for one-side and both-side laser shot peening (LSP) of specimen with a central hole. User subroutine VDLOAD is used to program the loading model of shock wave pressure for both-side LSP. The influence of the hole on the peening effect is investigated,and the three-dimensional (3D) residual stress distribution of ZK60 magnesium alloy after one-side and both-side LSP is analyzed. The beneficial residual stress distribution was obtained after both-side LSP,with a stress value as two times high as that after one-side LSP on the bottom surface. The experimental results are compared with numerical simulation results and good consistency is observed.