The micro-dent pattern with different center distances was fabricated on nodular cast iron QT600 specimens by laser peening, and the effect of laser texturing on its surface friction and wear properties was investigated. The results show that the beneficial compressive residual stress was introduced on nodular cast iron QT600 surface by laser peening, and the wear mass loss is significantly reduced by 7.9% under dry friction conditions. Compared with that of the untextured specimens, the friction coefficient of the textured surface increases by 12.9% under dry conditions, and decreases by 11.8% under lubrication conditions. Meanwhile, the surface wear of the textured specimens is obviously weaker than that of the untextured ones, and the oxide content also decreases obviously.