Based on the occurrence of wheat scab in Chaohu, Anhui, in 2024, an analysis was conducted on the causes of its severe outbreak. Additionally, a “1+2” chemical control demonstration was carried out in affected wheat fields, and its effectiveness was summarized. In 2024, wheat scab in the study area was characterized by early maturation of ascocarps on rice stubbles, a high pathogen carrier rate, and severe field disease severity. The main reasons for the severe outbreak of wheat scab in the study area were identified as abundant pathogen sources, favorable weather conditions from April to May (daily average temperature > 15 °C, more than 11 days with precipitation > 0.1 mm), weak resistance (or tolerance) of wheat varieties, and the development of fungicide resistance in the scab pathogens. The “1+2” chemical control model involved an additional third application (during the wheat booting stage in mid-to-late March, combined with the control of sharp eyespot) on the basis of the conventional two applications (the first at the initial wheat flowering stage and the second 7-10 days later). The experimental results showed that the relative control efficacy of diseased panicle rate and disease index of wheat scab by the “1+2” chemical control model was 92.14% and 95.94%, respectively, demonstrating good prevention effects. This study provides a reference for selecting an appropriate chemical control strategy for wheat scab.