The study aims to reveal the detection advantages of infrared polarization imaging systems deployed on aerostat platforms in sea fog conditions. Firstly, based on the polarization bidirectional reflection distribution function, this research analyzes the rule of polarization characteristics varying with observation angles, demonstrating the applicability of infrared polarization in oblique imaging from aerostats. Secondly, by using the Monte-Carlo method and minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD) model, the study develops a model to determine the maximum operating distance of infrared polarization imaging systems. This model verifies the superiority of infrared polarization imaging over infrared intensity imaging in terms of maintaining features and detection distance under sea fog conditions. The results provide theoretical analysis and simulation evidence supporting the deployment of infrared polarization technology on aerostat platforms.