Metasurface, composed of subwavelength nanostructures, represents a disruptive and emerging technology that enables independent control of optical field characteristics, such as phase, amplitude, polarization, and dispersion. It is of significant importance for wavefront control elements, integrated imaging systems, and wearable optoelectronic devices. Metasurfaces allow for complex simulation calculations of input wave signals at the speed of light, providing a novel approach for constructing ultra-thin, ultra-fast, high-throughput, and highly integrated low-power optical imaging platforms. This article summarizes the recent advancements in optical simulation calculations and advanced imaging based on metasurfaces, discussing the fundamental connection between the two fields. The detailed overview of metasurface applications in these fields is provided, including image processing, edge detection, phase imaging, and integrated imaging systems. Finally, the current challenges facing metasurface optical computing are highlighted, and future directions for development are outlined.