With the continuous innovation of new maritime concepts of operations, the modern form of naval warfare presents the characteristics of multi-domain attack and defense, distributed coordination and efficient killing, accelerating the innovation and development of new surface ship technology. Focusing on combat space, combat system structure, combat units and combat armaments, this paper summarizes the main characteristics of new modern maritime concepts of operations, categorizes the system positioning and combat capability evolution of surface ships, and systematically analyzes the development of new surface ship equipment. It then puts forward several thoughts on the development of surface ship overall integration technology, network information technology, digital intelligence enabling technology, new energy security technology, advanced material technology and environmental protection and energy saving technology.