A TY-1 coating based on iron was developed on the surface of 27SiMn steel through a high-speed laser scanning process. The study examines the interplay between melt pool temperature, cladding layer thickness, and microstructure under varying conditions of laser power, powder feed rate, and scanning speed. Utilizing ANSYS finite element analysis software, the temperature field during the cladding process was simulated. Subsequently, high-speed laser cladding tests were executed under identical parameters, and the micromorphological evolution of the coating was scrutinized using optical microscopy. The results show that the melt temperature is 1 403.1 ℃-2 588.5 ℃, and the coating thickness is 50-244 μm; the dense isoaxial crystals and a few cylindrical crystals are gradually formed with the melt temperature under different parameters, and cylindrical or secondary dendrite are easily generated when the melt temperature reaches 2 588.5 ℃. According to the comparative analysis, the power, powder delivery speed and lap rate are 900 W, 13 g/min, and 60% respectively, the powder can be fully melted, the coating surface is smooth, and the microstructure is fine.