YVO₄:Yb³⁺/Ho³⁺ up-conversion luminescent materials were synthesized by the high-temperature solid phase method. The samples' phase structure, apparent morphology, and luminescence properties were investigated by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, Fourier infrared spectrometer, and fluorescence spectrometer. The results show that the crystal structure of YVO₄ is not changed by doping with different concentrations of rare earth ions, and the phase structure of the sample is pure. The infrared spectrum shows that the sample belongs to the YVO₄ phase of the orthorhombic system. XPS results showed that Yb and Ho were mainly doped into YVO₄ as trivalent ions. SEM analyzed the apparent morphology of the sample to show that the sample is a crystallized and micron-sized powder. The fluorescence spectra showed that the main absorption peaks of YVO₄:Yb³⁺/Ho³⁺ phosphor were 418 nm (⁵I₈→⁵G₅), 455 nm (⁵I₈→⁵G₆), 486 nm (⁵I₈→⁵F₃), 539 nm (⁵I₈→⁵F₄/⁵S₂) and 650 nm (⁵I₈→⁵F₅). The main emission peaks are in the 550 nm (⁵S₂/⁵F₄→⁵I₈) and 660 nm (⁵F₅→⁵I₈) regions. The upconversion luminescence intensity increases first and then decreases with the increase of the Ho³⁺ doping ratio and reaches the highest when the Ho³⁺ doping concentration is 1%. According to Blasse's theory, the ion energy transfer mechanism in YVO₄:Yb³⁺/Ho³⁺ luminescent materials is characterized by multiple dipole moments. The dependence between upconversion luminescence intensity and pump power indicates that red and green light emission belong to the two-photon absorption process. The color coordinates of the samples are all in the red light region, proving that the phosphor is a fluorescent material that can be excited by 980 nm to mainly produce red emission.