In order to test the compressive mechanical properties of porous Ti6A14V alloy specimens with different unit structures, porous specimen models with a pore size of 550 μm, a porosity of 65%, and unit structures of 90° V-shaped, regular tetrahedron, cube, and regular octahedron were designed using laser selective melting. The appearance and structural morphology of the formed specimens were observed, and the results were similar to the designed models with a low mismatch rate. Static compression tests were conducted, and the test results showed that the compressive strengths of the 90° V-shaped, regular tetrahedron, cube, and regular octahedron structures were 51.69 MPa, 358.32 MPa, 202.54 MPa, and 279.72 MPa, respectively, with elastic moduli of 2.39 GPa, 9.67 GPa, 5.88 GPa, and 7.81 GPa, respectively. Simulations of the equivalent stress and strain in the porous structures demonstrated that the 90° V-shaped structure exhibited the highest peak stress and strain, suggesting the weakest load-bearing capacity. Conversely, the regular tetrahedron structure displayed a uniform stress distribution and the strongest load-bearing capacity. The regular tetrahedron structure had a uniform stress distribution and the strongest load-bearing capacity. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental results. Finally, the fracture morphologies of the specimens after compression testing were observed, showing a combination of a large number of tearing edges, indicating brittle fracture as the dominant failure mode.