In order to realize the application of laser technologies in the field of wastewater degradation, laser-induced cavitation technology was employed to degrade acid black solution in this work. The degraded solution was analyzed and characterized by an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and the effects of laser energy and the solution initial concentration on the degradation capacity were obtained. The mechanisms of laser cavitation degradation of acid black solution were revealed based on the combindation of the theory of bubble kinetics and the chemical effect of cavitation. The results show that with the increase of laser energy, the degradation rate of acid black solution with an initial concentration of 20 mg/L gradually increases from 0.78% to 27.28%. Under the laser energy of 100 mJ, the degradation rate of the acid black solution decreases from 98.55% to 7.63% as the initial concentration increases from 5 mg/L to 20 mg/L. The higher the laser energy, the greater the degradation rate. It is difficult for laser cavitation to degrade the acidic black solution if the initial concentration is too large. This research promots the development of organic wastewater technologies such as laser cavitation to degrade dyes.