Absolute attenuation coefficient is an important parameter to characterize the intrinsic optical properties of seawater, and its measurement in the field of water body absolute attenuation coefficient is of great value in the field of underwater photoelectricity detection. VIPER hyperspectral attenuation meter can be used to measure the attenuation coefficient of the water body, and it has a relatively obvious cost advantage compared with AC-S meter. However, VIPER can only measure the relative attenuation coefficient of the water body, and cannot directly obtain the absolute attenuation coefficient of the water body. To address this problem, this paper gives a VIPER-based field measurement of the absolute attenuation coefficient of the water body, the derivation of the basic formula for the VIPER measurement of the absolute attenuation coefficient of the water body, and the design of experiments to verify the reliability of the VIPER measurement of the absolute attenuation coefficient of the water body. Comparative experimental results show that the field measurement method of absolute attenuation coefficient of water body based on VIPER given in this paper has good accuracy and reliability. The method of this paper can make VIPER used in various underwater photoelectric detection fields, and realize the rapid calibration of the absolute attenuation coefficient of the water body.