The influence of the optical properties of aerosols on polarized sky radiance was researched to obtain the actual polarized sky radiance distribution model. Using the polarized sky radiance measuring system set up by ourselves, a lot of experiments were done at the same place but different dates. The degree of polarization and polarized sky radiation were acquired through these measurements in the solar altitude angle about 60° and the scattering of 90° for three wave bands of 435-465 nm，535-565 nm and 685-715 nm. The aerosol optical depth was calculated by theory formula according to atmospheric pressure and visibility. When the aerosol optical depth increases from 0.2 to 0.55, the degrees of polarization for the three different wave bands decrease separately from 43% to 22%, 41% to 21% and 38% to 19%, but the radiation shows a trend of increase. Experimental results indicate that as the increase of aerosol optical depth, the degree of polarization will decrease, especially more significantly reduction for the longer wavelength. Therefore, the increase of aerosol optical depth is not conducive for the navigation according to polarized light.