To evaluate the effects of three types of humic acid amendments (T, H, F) on salinealkali soils and cotton growth, a field plot experiment is conducted with application rates of 200 and 400 kg/mu (1 mu = 667 m²), using a control treatment without humic acid amendments (CK). Cotton emergence rate, agronomic traits, yield characteristics, and soil physicochemical properties before and after cultivation are measured. The results show that compared with CK, the T-type humic acid amendment at 400 kg/mu increases cotton emergence rate, plant height, main stem leaf number, leaf area, and seed cotton yield by 32.0%, 17.7%, 18.5%, 27.0%, and 43.5%, respectively. All three amendments effectively reduced soil pH and total salt content, while significantly enhancing soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium, Mg²⁺, and Ca²⁺ contents, and decreasing Na⁺ and Cl^- levels. Soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium contents increased with higher amendment application rates. All three amendments improved cotton growth and ameliorated saline-alkali soils, with the T-type exhibiting the most pronounced effects.