This article, based on Bloch theory, introduces a dual-component periodic structure support rod. Employing the finite element method with COMSOL and ABAQUS, the study investigates the impact of unit cell structural parameters on bandgap and vibration characteristics. Samples are produced using 3D printing technology, and the effects of the bandgap on vibration properties are analyzed through mutual validation of experimental and numerical calculations. Finally, a simulation comparison of the vibration properties between periodic and non-periodic support rods is conducted. The results indicate that increasing the wall thickness of the unit cell widens the bandgap while simultaneously reducing the starting frequency of the bandgap. A larger inter-element spacing or greater radial disparity between elements results in a wider bandgap and a lower starting frequency. As the number of unit cells in the periodic structure increases, vibration damping shows a trend of initial increase followed by a decrease in the low-frequency region. Compared to cylindrical members, periodic structures exhibit stronger damping in vibration transmission. Through mutual validation of experimental and numerical analyses, it is found that the structure exhibits effective vibration reduction within the bandgap range.