Aiming at the problem that manual adjustment of camera parameters in structured light measurement was easy to lead to the randomness of image quality, which leads to the decline of calibration accuracy and the repetition of parameter adjustment, an adaptive parameter adjustment method for camera calibration in structured light measurement was proposed. Firstly, a set of camera automatic parameter adjustment device was designed. According to the image change mechanism of three parameter adjustment rings, three parameters of calibration plate area ratio, image clarity and image contrast were selected to define the focal length adjustment ring, focusing ring and aperture adjustment ring respectively. Secondly, in order to realize the high-precision calibration and adaptive parameter adjustment of the camera, aiming at the defects of the traditional Brenner function, an improved Brenner automatic threshold function was used to realize the accurate and rapid focusing of the image definition, segment the foreground and background of the region of interest of the calibration plate image, calculate the image contrast, and according to the calibrated reprojection error. The optimal adjustment interval of the calibration camera was determined, and the calibration parameters were adjusted by the adaptive parameter adjustment search control method. Finally, in order to improve the search and positioning speed of the motor during adaptive calibration, the parameter adjustment function model was established, and the focal length was calculated adaptively through the object distance and pixel length. The three-dimensional measurement parameter adjustment experiment shows that compared with manual calibration, the proposed parameter adjustment method can realize automatic parameter adjustment within 5 s, and the reprojection error is reduced by 66.57%.