The study of spatiotemporal changes in net primary productivity NPP of vegetation and its driving factors is of great significance in gaining a deeper understanding of vegetation growth status and guiding regional ecological construction and sustainable development planning Based on the MODIS NPP topography vegetation type climate and land use data of the Upper Minjiang River Basin the spatiotemporal characteristics of vegetation NPP and its driving factors in the Upper Minjiang River Basin from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed by trend analysis coefficient of variation partial correlation analysis and geographical detector The results showed that 1 From 2000 to 2020 the vegetation NPP in the Upper Minjiang River Basin generally showed a fluctuating trend of alternating upward and downward movements and the average annual vegetation NPP in the 21-year was 498 76 g m²·a The spatial distribution was high in the southeast and low in the northwest with an average coefficient of variation of 11 70% for the 21-year vegetation NPP with only 1 85% of the area showing degradation 2 The vegetation NPP in the Upper Minjiang River Basin was affected by climate factors and human activities and mean annual temperature and elevation were the dominant factors affecting changes in vegetation NPP and the two-factor interaction 52 38% was greater than the nonlinear 47 62% and the interaction of mean annual temperature and land use had the highest influence The average annual temperature suitable for the increase of vegetation NPP in the watershed is 10 04-16 01 ℃ and the average annual precipitation is 910 63-1 063 95 mm The study revealed the effects of natural factors and human activities on vegetation NPP which can provide a basis for the development of high-quality ecological protection and restoration strategies in the Upper Minjiang River Basin according to local conditions