In order to investigate the processing quality of carbon fiber reinforced plastic(CFRP) using a CO₂ pulse laser, a single-factor experimental method was employed for theoretical analysis and experimental verification. The influence of scanning speed and laser power on processing quality was determined, and circular pattern carving experiments were conducted on CFRP. The results show that the material undergoes penetration at a laser power of 50 W and a scanning speed of 60 mm/s, and as the scanning speed decreases, the material absorbs more energy, resulting in complete pattern penetration. When the scanning speed is set to 100 mm/s and the power varies within the range of 10 W~5 W, white stripes gradually appear on the surface of the material. The surface roughness of the carved material was measured using both horizontal and vertical methods. Both methods indicated that the roughness values showed a pattern of first decreasing and then increasing. When the laser power was 7 W, the roughness reached its minimum value of about 7.030 μm; After ultrasonic cleaning, when the laser power is 9 W and the scanning speed is 20 mm/s, the roughness of the carved material reaches its maximum value and there is less surface residue. At this time, the carving effect is better. This research result can provide certain guidance for the process of pulse laser processing of carbon fiber composite materials.