It is easy to form micron-level anodic oxide film on the surface of 5083 aluminum alloy, which could significantly affect the afterwards welding quality. Laser cleaning of anodic oxide film on 5083 aluminum alloy surface is studied by using nanosecond fiber laser under the wavelength of 1 064nm. The effects of laser power, scanning speed and pulse width on the laser cleaning effect were studied by using different laser cleaning process parameters. The optimized laser parameters combination was summarized and the corresponding cleaning effect was verified. The results show that there is an optimized combination of laser processing parameters. And the optimized laser power, scanning speed, frequency and pulse width are 42 W, 4 725 mm/s, 250 kHz and 100 ns, respectively. SEM results indicate the anodic oxide film could be fully removed, thus achieving good cleaning effect.