For TA15 titanium alloy material, a three-dimensional thermal-mechanical coupling finite element simulation model of laser forming was established. The material temperature field and deformation field under different processing parameters were obtained. By building a bending testing system, the temperature and deformation field of the titanium alloy under different processing parameters were obtained, and compared with the simulation results. The validity of the numerical model was verified. Based on the distribution of temperature and plastic strain in the thickness direction of the sheet, the dominant mechanism in laser forming was clarified. The edge effect in laser forming was studied, and a back-and-forth scanning processing method that can be used to suppress the edge effect was proposed.