Temperature change affects the accuracy of the radiometric calibration of the directional polarimetric camera (DPC). The first step in scientific remote-sensing data processing is temperature correction. Herein, we analyze the influence of temperature change based on the DPC working principle and the polarization-measurement model. Combined with the thermal-control design and thermal vacuum test, we develop a temperature-compensation-correction method aiming at the influence of radiation measurement. We design a temperature-response test scheme for in-orbit temperature conditions at different stages to monitor external conditions which affect test data and effectively eliminate the influence of the detector-frame transfer effect, and obtain the relationship between the radiation calibration coefficient and the temperature-change response. According to the analysis of experimental data and in-orbit data, the radiation measurement error caused by temperature change reduces to less than +0.1% through real-time measurement of the dark-background channel and through the temperature-correction method of radiation-response-coefficient compensation, which meets the requirements of in-orbit radiation correction.