This paper presents the design of a temperature-drift-resistant optoelectronic front-end for high sensitivity avalanche photodiode detectors (APD) to enhance the detection capability of weak backscattered Rayleigh light in distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing (DAS) systems and address the issue of poor avalanche gain temperature stability in APD. The optimal avalanche gain of the APD at different temperatures is measured and combined with APD bias voltage temperature auto-compensation and temperature control technology, to ensure that the APD always operates at the optimal avalanche gain state. Additionally, to address the wide dynamic range of the detected signal, a logarithmic amplification circuit is designed. Experimental results show that the circuit can achieve precise temperature auto-compensation of the APD bias voltage in the range of 0?50 ℃, with a bias voltage control error of only 0.04 V, temperature control error of 0.14 ℃, bandwidth of 1 MHz for the logarithmic amplification circuit, dynamic input range of up to 40 dB, and accurate detection of input optical power as low as 10 nW.