A hybrid fiber physical and chemical sensing system is developed in this paper,using Fabry-Perot (F-P) type tunable optical filter (TOF) and erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). The system has two configurations of open loop and closed loop,which can be switched by two 1×2 optical switches. And the system can be used to realize physical and chemical sensing with quasi-distributed ability and high sensitivity respectively. In the open loop system,the EDFA acts as system light source,while the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) acts as sensor. The spectra of FBGs are collected through wavelength scanning of F-P type TOF,and the physical parameters like strain and temperature can be obtained as the results of wavelength demodulation. In the closed loop system,the ring-cavity fiber laser is constituted of EDFA and F-P type TOF. The gas cell made by C-lens is put into the fiber resonant cavity. And when the wavelength of the laser scans through the gain spectrum,all absorption lines of multi-gas in the cell can be obtained. So different gas sensing can be realized at the same time. The sensitivity of strain sensing is less than 3 με,while the sensitivity of gas sensing is less than 75×10-6 with probability of gas recognition at the same time.