Testing the full-aperture of convex aspheric surface with large aperture and large relative aperture is challenging. To solve this problem, we propose a convex aspheric surface testing method using an autocollimation lens in this study. In the proposed method, a self-aligning lens is formed by plating a semi-inverted semi-permeable film onto the convex surface of a single lens to correct the spherical aberration of the aspheric surface, enabling the full-aperture testing of the large-aperture convex aspheric surface. We derive initial structure parameters using the third-order aberration theory, and then introduce the design method in detail. We design and simulate an optical system to test a convex oblate spheroid with an aperture of 240.62 mm and relative aperture of 0.48, and then perform a tolerance analysis of the system. The peak valley (PV) value of the residual aberration of the optimized system is 0.00025λ and the root-mean-square (RMS) error is 0.0001λ. The proposed method is also applied in testing a practical convex hyperboloid with an aperture of 287 mm and relative aperture of 0.74. We obtain an RMS of 0.021λ, which verifies the feasibility of the proposed method. Finally, the applicability of this method and the aberration correction ability are analyzed. In summary, the proposed method can be used to test the full-aperture of any eccentricity convex aspheric surface, and it has great advantages in testing full-aperture of convex aspheric surface with large aperture and large relative aperture.