Based on the large field of view, low aberration, and high sensitivity advantages of insect compound eye, a large field of view multi-aperture bionic compound eye optical system is proposed to address the shortcomings of traditional two-dimensional imaging technology in terms of field of view range and sensitivity to small target motion. The system comprises a curved sub-eye array, relay system, and image detector. The single sub-eye field of view of the system is 30°, and focal length is 24 mm. The relay system uses a fish-eye lens with an F-number of 3 and two aspheric surfaces to convert curved surface and plane images. The field of view of the total system is 160°, and the F-number is 3. In design results, the modulation transfer function of all sub-eye channels is greater than 0.3 at 156 lp/mm, and the system still satisfies the imaging requirements within a given tolerance range. Compared with the existing compound eye imaging system, the optical system designed in this study has a larger field of view and a smaller number of aspheric surfaces, which reduces the cost and improves process feasibility.