In the evolution of modern warfare, the swarm warfare system increasingly highlights its key significance, and as the indispensable‘eyes’of the system, the development of optoelectronic payloads has become a research focus in the field of military technology. In this paper, the multi-dimensional application of optoelectronic payloads in swarm warfare system is systematically elaborated, the significant differences between optoelectronic payloads and traditional optoelectronic payloads in terms of function, time statistic, imaging, signal processing and hardware platforms are deeply analyzed, and a comprehensive overview of current international advancements in swarm optoelectronic payloads is provided. Based on the above research, an innovative swarm optoelectronic payload architecture is proposed, leveraging intelligent optoelectronic networking and encompassing system components and operational modes. The technical development trend of swarm photoelectric payloads in terms of networking, integration, intelligence, imaging dimension and performance usage is further discussed, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical reference for the optimization and upgrading of photoelectric payloads in future swarm combat scenarios, driving continuous innovation and advancement in military reconnaissance technologies.