High-power linearly polarized fiber laser has important applications in coherent combination, nonlinear frequency transformation, and gravitational wave detection, and becomes one of the research hotspots in the field of fiber laser in recent years. As the output power scales, thermal effects result in polarization coupling and the increase of high-order modes (HOMs), which will lead to the instability of the output laser polarization state and reduce the polarization extinction ratio (PER) of output laser. This study summarizes the polarization control of high-power linearly polarized fiber lasers, systematically expounds the limiting factors in polarization control and power enhancement of fiber laser, introduces the progress of the corresponding polarization control techniques in detail, and summarizes the typical research results at home and abroad in recent years.