To apply low-level detectors in high-reliability application environments, such as those in the aerospace field, it is important to test the environmental reliability of such detectors. In this paper, a thermal vacuum experiment method is proposed to test various types of space-borne detectors. By comparing the changes in the relative spectral response rate, dark current, driving current of the refrigerator, and refrigeration characteristics of each type of detector before and after the thermal vacuum environment test, their adaptabilities in the thermal vacuum environment are analyzed to enable early popularization. To avoid products with possible quality and other defects, only those products demonstrating the best performances are selected for aerospace applications. The results show that based on the performance indices of detectors that meet the design requirements after the thermal vacuum environment testing and screening, such devices have good reliability and stability, which can meet the requirements of aerospace loads.