The thermal vacuum accelerated life tests of space motion mechanisms at home and abroad are mainly focused on the components，which cannot fully reflect the long life performance of the whole machine.In this paper，a thermal vacuum life test scheme is designed for the long-life filter wheel mechanism of an optical survey telescope in space environment.The working conditions and complex environmental factors of the filter wheel mechanism during space operations are fully considered，and the vacuum accelerated life test of the filter wheel mechanism is carried out to verify whether the solid lubrication bearing assembly，the transmission pair solid lubrication design，and the performance of the whole machine can meet the requirements of on-orbit life.According to the life requirement of the filter wheel rotating 8×10⁴ times in orbit，a specific test scheme is designed，and a thermal vacuum space environment test platform is built.The test results show that the life test runs normally and the cumulative rotation times is 1.6×10⁵.After the test，the bearing friction torque and starting torque are re-measured，and then the bearing assembly is dissected.The results show that the bearing friction torque and starting torque are the same as those before the test，and the bearing lubrication is good.After the test，the solid lubrication of the worm gear pair is analyzed by high power microscope.The results show that the worm gear pair base is covered by the lubrication film and the lubrication state is in good condition.After the test，the performance test of the filter wheel mechanism is carried out，and the test results meet the performance indices.The results of the accelerated thermal vacuum life test can verify that the life of the filter wheel can meet the requirements of the long-life mission in orbit，which can also provide a basis for the long-life design of other space motion mechanisms and provide a reference for the life tests of other mechanisms.