In recent years, major infectious outbreaks such as influenza A (H1N1), Ebola, influenza B, and novel coronavirus have had a huge impact on human health and safety, so the detection and prevention of environmental viruses is crucial. As an emerging technology that can rapidly detect viruses, immunochromatographic strip technology has the advantages of universality and strong specificity compared with ELISA, which solves the problems of complicated and long time of traditional viral antigen detection process, and also provides a new development direction for environmental monitoring. However, the traditional immunochromatographic test strips have the disadvantages of single detection index and high detection limit. Based on immunochromatographic strips and quantum dot fluorescence nanospheres, a quantum dot fluorescence immunochromatographic strip was designed in this study, which has the characteristics of good photostability, high brightness, and low detection limit. By using the fluorescence detection module of the supporting instrument for analysis and detection, viruses in the environment can be quickly detected based on the excitation light of quantum dot fluorescent nanospheres. The operation is simple and the data is stable, providing a new approach for environmental virus detection.