Aiming at the effect of turbulent distortion on the optical field, a new method to simulate the atmospheric turbulence effect of laser transmission is proposed, which realizes the joint simulation of the atmospheric turbulence effect of laser transmission in two dimensions, the amplitude domain and the phase domain, by using the statistical properties of the atmospheric turbulence effect, and the method is applicable to weak, moderate and strong turbulence cases. Based on the two statistical models that can describe the optical field amplitude aberration under different turbulence intensities, the stochastic differentiation method is used to obtain the optical wave amplitude change sequence, and the simulation results of the optical wave amplitude change sequence match well with the theoretical calculations under different turbulence intensities, and the fitting coefficients are all greater than 0.9767. A power spectrum inversion method based on low-frequency harmonic compensation is utilized to generate a time-varying phase screen using a third-order Bessel function stochastic curve design to simulate phase aberrations in atmospheric turbulence effects. Under different turbulence intensities, a Gaussian beam is used as the light source, and the simulation results show that the simulated effects of the constructed complex-domain simulation model of atmospheric turbulence effects coincide with the actual atmospheric turbulence aberration process through the normalized statistics of the intensity of the received spot during the moving process of the time-varying phase screen.