In order to explore the formation mechanism and the changing trend of recast layer and heat affected zone (HAZ) of cardiovascular stents induced by key technological parameters in optical fiber microsecond laser processing, experimental method of cutting 316L medical stainless steel by optical fiber microsecond laser based on different single factor parameters was adopted. Through theoretical analysis and experimental verification, the physical model of 316L cardiovascular stent and the detection data of HAZ and recast layer were obtained under single factor parameters. The results show that the thickness of recast layer is mainly affected by pulse width and laser power. It increases with the increase of pulse width and power. The minimum thickness of recast layer is 3.0μm when the pulse width is 20μs. The thickness of HAZ is related to pulse width, pulse frequency, laser power and cutting rate. It increases with the increase of pulse width and frequency. With the increase of power, it increases first and then decreases. With the increase of cutting rate, it decreases first and then increases. When pulse frequency is 5000Hz, the minimum HAZ thickness is 0.2μm. The study of the formation mechanism and trend of recast layer and HAZ of 316L cardiovascular stents gives a foundation for subsequent orthogonal and polishing experiments.