In order to study the influence of the processing environment on the infiltration property of laser-induced aluminum plates, pure aluminum plates were processed with a nanosecond laser under vacuum and air atmosphere, respectively. The effects of vacuum and air atmosphere on the surface microstructure of the laser-induced aluminum sheets were compared and analyzed by using an optical surface profilometer and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effects of vacuum and air different processing environments and different storage environments on the infiltration property of the sample were compared and analyzed by a contact angle measuring instrument. The results show that under the same laser parameters, the surface roughness of the sample processed in the vacuum environment is obviously smaller than that processed in the air. While the samples processed in the air environment have the property of changing from super-hydrophilic to hydrophobic or even super-hydrophobic, the samples processed in the vacuum environment keep constant hydrophilic properties. Moreover, samples processed with laser in the air and then heat-treated in vacuum are more favorable for the conversion of their infiltration properties, which can greatly improve the efficiency of preparing the super-hydrophobic aluminum plate.