To address the challenges of color distortion， uneven lighting， low contrast， and blurred details in underwater images， an adaptive color compensation and multi-scale fusion enhancement algorithm is proposed. Initially， adaptive color compensation and white light balance algorithms are employed to correct the image colors. Subsequently， adaptive gamma correction is applied to the color-corrected images to achieve uniform illumination. Thereafter， the uniformly lit images undergo processing through adaptive Rayleigh histogram stretching and adaptive unsharp masking to enhance contrast and detail. Finally， non-downsampling contour wave fusion is utilized to further refine the quality of the images with improved contrast and enhanced details. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm effectively corrects the colors of underwater images and significantly enhances their contrast and clarity， with average evaluation metrics PSNR， SSIM， IE， and UCIQE showing increases of 43.52%， 58.65%， 12.5%， and 32.13%， respectively， compared to the original images. This algorithm is shown to substantially improve underwater image quality.