This study presents a phase chaos synchronization method based on common signal-driven semiconductor lasers. This method minimizes the impact of cavity mode hopping on phase difference in traditional master-slave synchronization structures, thereby improving the stability of phase chaos synchronization. Under back-to-back conditions, the parameter conditions for achieving a stable phase chaos synchronization are identified. With the injection intensity of 0.15, optical-frequency detuning of -2 GHz, and laser linewidth of 2.5 MHz, a phase chaos synchronization with a standard deviation of 0.015π can be achieved. Further analysis is conducted on the impact of long-distance fiber optic transmission on the stability of phase chaos synchronization. A stable phase chaos synchronization with a standard deviation of 0.04π is obtained under 160 km fiber optic transmission.