This paper explores the construction of a distributed energy trading system based on Hyperledger Fabric blockchain technology and designs a smart contract mechanism for the distributed energy trading system. It first simulates and evaluates the energy production in different regions using photovoltaic power generation systems. Subsequently, the CRITIC (Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation) weight method is employed to determine the importance weights of each evaluation indicator. Finally, the paper adopts a dual-layer game mechanism to determine the final energy pricing for energy sellers. Through the interaction between the system and energy buyers and sellers, the energy selling price is dynamically adjusted. The balance requirements of the energy trading market are met by observing the difference between the actual and expected values of energy supply and demand. The blockchain system based on Hyperledger Fabric is implemented on the Ubuntu system. Compared with the average price mechanism, simulation results indicate that the proposed model achieves higher system profit performance. Moreover, the profit records from each transaction demonstrate that the model more accurately reflects the supply and demand relationship in the market. Therefore, the blockchain platform proposed in this paper can be utilized to construct a P2P trading network with higher trading efficiency and more comprehensive trading rules for buyers and sellers.