In order to solve the problem that the existing laser scanning projection system needs at least 4 cooperation target points to realize the coordinate transformation relationship calibration, and it often takes multiple times and much time to complete the coordinate transformation parameter solution for the non-convergent iterative algorithm, we proposes and studies the laser scanning projection system calibration technique that combines laser ranging. The mathematical models of laser scanning projection system with and without laser ranging module are studied. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to simulate the calibration accuracy. Aiming at the problem that the ranging error has a great influence on the calibration accuracy of the system, a particle swarm derivative calibration algorithm is proposed to improve the calibration algorithm. Finally, a rapid calibration of only three cooperative target points is realized and the accuracy is increased to 10 ^-7 mm.