The research progress in rice germplasm innovation, variety breeding, and breeding technology development in Anhui Province since 1949 has been reviewed, and the future research directions in rice breeding have been prospected. In terms of germplasm innovation and variety breeding, Anhui rice germplasm (variety) innovation has gone through the stages of introducing and systematically selecting agricultural varieties and dwarf varieties, as well as selecting three-line sterile lines and two-line sterile lines; as of 2024, there were 1 539 self bred rice varieties in the research area, including three-line hybrid rice varieties such as 80 You 121, Xieyou 57, and Quanyou 822, two-line hybrid rice combinations such as Xingliangyou No.6 and Wandao 153, conventional rice varieties such as Huixiangruan No.1 and Huixiangjing 977, as well as strong drought resistant varieties such as Lyuhan No.1 and Lyuhanliangyou 21. In terms of breeding technology, mutagenesis technology has the characteristics of high mutation rate and light biological damage, enriched breeding resources; molecular marker assisted breeding technology can accurately select and efficiently recombine for the gene, improving the success rate of breeding; gene editing technology can precisely modify target genes according to specific breeding needs, further improving the precision and efficiency of breeding. The next step will focus on cultivating new varieties of green, high quality, high yielding, and multi resistant rice to meet diversified market demands.