Recently, pulsed ytterbium (Yb)-doped fiber lasers have been increasingly manufactured. The high repetition rate, high peak power, significant operation wavelength, and advantages of fiber lasers, have promoted the wide use of pulsed Yb-doped fiber lasers in many fields, such as medical treatment, electro-optical countermeasures, target indication, radar, and processing. In this paper, we first review the development of high-repetition-rate long-pulse Yb-doped fiber lasers with a Q-switched mechanism and master oscillator power amplifier. Next, the output characteristics are summarized. The Q-switched mechanism can help achieve a larger pulse energy and adjust the repetition rate within a specific range, achieving a higher output power of the master oscillator compared with single-cavity all-fiber lasers, thereby meeting the demands of large-energy applications. Finally, the research trends of different pulsed Yb-doped fiber lasers are prospected for the near future. For Q-switched, the damage threshold, manufacturing difficulty, service life, and cost of the saturable absorbers must be improved. For master oscillator power amplifiers, studying and realizing more efficient gain media, simpler structures, and better stability would be a significant accomplishment.