The degree of polarization of backscattering laser, which is scattered from several typical targets, was measured and analyzed. Basing on the description of detection laser with Stokes vector, experimental setup of laser detection for polarization characteristics of typical targets was designed using the transceiver integration; the degree of polarization of backscattering laser of several typical targets was measured under the conditions of different angle of incidence laser, different roughness parameters and different materials of target surface; the measurement data of degree of polarization was analyzed after double Gaussian fitting on the basis of foregoing experiments, two conclusions that the degree of polarization of backscattering laser highly fits the double Gaussian function and targets with different attributes can be distinguished using the degree of polarization of backscattering laser were achieved at last.