In order to achieve effective and reliable video transmission, a video joint coding scheme based on dictionary learning and the concatenation of LT code and LDPC code is proposed for underwater single-photon communication system. Sparse coding based on dictionary learning greatly compresses the amount of video data. According to the deletion characteristic of underwater single-photon channel, using the LT-LDPC channel concatenated coding method can overcome the disadvantage of excessive decoding overhead of LT code. Aiming at the problem of decoding failure probability of LT coding, a double feedback mechanism for decoding success is proposed. The experimental results show that when the channel error rate is in the order of 10-2 and the video compression rate is 75.6%, the video frames can be reconstructed with an average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 37.4921 dB.