Objective:To systematically evaluate the factors influencing the adherence to low-dose spiral CT screening among high-risk groups for lung cancer, and to provide a basis for the subsequent development of interventions to improve the adherence to screening among high-risk groups for lung cancer.MethodsA computerized search was conducted on China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library to obtain relevant literature on the factors influencing the adherence to low-dose spiral CT screening among high-risk groups for lung cancer. The searching period was from the establishment of the database to August 2024. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 software.ResultsA total of 14 studies were included, with a total sample size of 172 047, of which the number of adherents totaled 67 573 cases. Meta-analysis showed that the adherence rate of screening among people at high risk for lung cancer was 36%, and that women (OR=1.30, 95% CI 1.25-1.35), with an age ranging 50-59 years (OR=1.10, 95% CI 1.07-1.13), higher education (OR=1.10, 95% CI 1.07-1.13), family history of lung cancer (OR=1.72, 95% CI 1.11-2.68), chronic respiratory disease history (OR=1.92, 95% CI 1.84-2.01) and passive smoking (OR=1.40, 95% CI 1.29-1.52) were protective factors for adherence to lung cancer screening; smoking (OR=0.82, 95% CI 0.79-0.84), alcohol consumption (OR=0.86, 95% CI 0.83-0.89), and physical activity (OR=0.81, 95% CI 0.79-0.84) were risk factors for adherence to lung cancer screening. The results of sensitivity analyses showed that the results of Meta-analysis were relatively stable. The funnel plot suggested there was some publication bias in the included literature.ConclusionAdherence to low-dose spiral CT screening in lung cancer risk groups is influenced by demographic, lifestyle, health history, and environmental factors. Therefore, medical professionals can develop personalized interventions based on relevant influencing factors when conducting screening for high-risk groups for lung cancer.