Coding metamaterials have attracted significant attention for their ability to flexibly modulate electromagnetic waves and provide a high degree of freedom for coding sequences to manipulate electromagnetic waves in the frequency domain. A dynamically absorbing 2-bit coding metasurface based on the phase transition properties of vanadium dioxide is presented. In this study, the insulating state of vanadium dioxide is defined as code "0", and the metallic state of vanadium dioxide is defined as code"1". When the state of vanadium dioxide changes due to changes in external conditions such as temperature, light, and electricity, the coding state of the coding particles also changes. A 30×30 coding array of four coding particles integrated two by two can display the desired pattern in the near-field in the frequency range of 0.5‒2.5 THz. The novel design in this study can dynamically adjust the display content by using the absorption of the metasurface when the frequency of the electromagnetic wave changes, which provides a effective method for electromagnetic wave manipulation in the fields of frequency selector and signal encryption.