As one of the current hot technologies, optical fiber sensing technology has many important applications in the field of engineering monitoring. The application cases of optical fiber sensing technology in engineering deformation monitoring are discussed, and its importance in the field of engineering monitoring is demonstrated. Optical fiber sensing technology can realize continuous real-time monitoring of deformation and provide high-precision monitoring data by using optical fiber as the sensing element. The monitoring experiment is carried out on the K134 section viaduct of Hebijin Expressway by laying strain optical cable and temperature compensation optical cable. The results show that the optical fiber sensing technology can accurately evaluate the deformation of the structure and eliminate the influence of temperature change on the data through the temperature compensation algorithm. The settlement displacement can be estimated by geometric calculation.