Terahertz spectroscopy, a noninvasive, low-energy detection technique that enables coherent measurements, can accurately monitor the dynamic processes of particles and quasiparticles, such as charge carriers, phonons, and excitons, within materials after optical pumping and reveal their interactions. These processes and interactions directly influence the functional performance of devices. Recently, halide perovskite materials have shown considerable potential in various optoelectronic applications, including solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and lasers. A deep understanding of the dynamic characteristics of charge carriers and other low-energy excited quasiparticles in these devices is crucial for revealing the physical principles controlling device performance. Terahertz spectroscopy can precisely measure charge carrier mobility in halide perovskite materials, study the origins of high/low photoelectric conversion efficiencies, investigate phase transitions through changes in phonon mode frequencies, and explore the polaron formation process by monitoring changes in the effective mass of charge carriers. This study aims to review several key research achievements, highlighting the substantial role and benefits of terahertz spectroscopy in these materials.