When the vortex beams propagate in the atmosphere, the turbulence effect causes the crosstalk of its orbital angular momentum, which reduces the transmission quality. In order to effectively reduce the influence of turbulence on the propagation of light waves in the atmosphere and explore the measures to slow down the turbulence effect, the influences of anisotropic non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence and beam parameters on the spiral spectrum broadening and receiving power of focused Bessel beams are studied by using the spiral spectrum analysis theory. The results show that the wavelength, topological charge, waist radius, width parameters, turbulence intensity, anisotropy, and internal and external scales all affect the received power. In addition, the spiral spectrum distribution of focused and collimated Bessel beams is comparably studied by using multi-layer phase screen simulation method. It is concluded that the focused Bessel beam has higher receiving power and lower crosstalk power.