To accelerate the construction of the Internet of Things and improve its efficiency, a real-time perception method for the status of key nodes in the Internet of Things based on fiber optic communication is designed. Regarding the perception layer, network layer, and application layer structure of the Internet of Things, fiber optic sensors are applied in the perception layer to collect real-time status data of key nodes in the Internet of Things, achieving preliminary real-time perception of key node status; The perception layer provides this data to the network layer, where it is transmitted through a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical wireless network via fiber optic communication. The perception data is securely transmitted to the IoT application layer, where it is stored and processed. Experimental verification shows that this method achieves better time efficiency and relatively small errors in perceiving the state of key nodes; It can provide high communication efficiency and throughput during the transmission process. Therefore, this method has good real-time perception ability of the state of key nodes in the Internet of Things.