Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, has been attracted extensive attention and developed rapidly in aerospace, optoelectronic engineering, microelectronics, and other fields due to its unique characteristic of "shape and performance control". Developing 3D printing materials is critical for the practical applications in various fields. Therefore, this article reviews the current high-performance polymeric materials for 3D printing and the advanced intelligent manufacturing technologies. It focuses on the 3D printing technologies of polymers, the high-performance polymeric materials for 3D printing, and the related applications, which can provide new directions and ideas for its research, development and application.