Shanxi is a large province for the excavation of bronze cultural relics, and also an important area for early bronze casting, but most of the unearthed bronze cultural relics have been severely corroded. Compared with traditional chemical cleaning and mechanical cleaning method, the laser cleaning method has become a supplement and extension due to its advantages such as high energy, short time, no damage to the substrate and environmental protection. Firstly, the laser cleaning technology was used to conduct an experimental study on the surface of copper coin for the contamination of rust, by optimizing the parameters of laser pulse energy, spot size, repetition times and other parameters. The cleaning comparison test was performed on the samples to be cleaned, and the optimal cleaning energy threshold value was set by 105 mJ. Secondly, the high-energy pulsed laser beam generated by a Nd: YAG laser was used to simulate on the surface of the copper coin sample to generate plasma based on Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Then the interaction correlation between the specific spectral line intensity of the plasma during the laser cleaning process and the laser cleaning intensity was analyzed and concluded. Therefore, the laser cleaning effect was evaluated by comparing the spectral line characteristics of the plasma. Finally, a clear and auroral texture was obtained while the optimal laser cleaning parameters were selected to clean the copper coin samples. The experimental results show that the laser cleaning method has the advantages of short time, no damage to the base, good effect and so on, and has certain application value in the conservation of bronze relics.