Bioaerosols are significant suspended particles in the atmosphere, such as pollens, viruses, and bacteria. They are widely dispersed due to atmospheric movement and have a considerable impact on human health and the environment. Lidar, as an advanced atmospheric remote sensing detection instrument, is well-suited for bioaerosols’ remote detection due to its high sensitivity to atmospheric particles. Bioaerosols lidar can be applied to the early warning of biological warfare agents, real-time monitoring of pollen, and comprehensive atmospheric studies. A significant number of infections can be attributed to bioaerosols attacks. In order to implement effective countermeasures, it is essential to detect bioaerosols in the atmosphere with minimal delay. The current point detection methodology requires the collection of samples for subsequent laboratory analysis, which can take a period of 12 to 36 hours. In contrast, lidar-based detection presents a promising alternative. Based on the optical system, lidar enables real-time, long-distance detection and early warning, thereby allowing people to take action to prevent potential harm in a timely manner. In the context of pollen research, lidar is able to observe pollen in the atmosphere over a wide range, which is conducive to the study of pollen propagation and distribution patterns. Additionally, it can provide travel advice for individuals with pollen allergies and help assess pollen sensitization in the clinic. In the context of atmospheric research, ground-based lidar allows for long-term, stable observations, leading to the accumulation of substantial data, which supports statistical analyses of the spatial and temporal distribution of bioaerosols in the atmosphere. At present, Lidar for the remote detection of bioaerosols is founded upon four principal tenets: polarization, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), differential scattering (DISC), and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), LIF lidar is highlighted. Different fluorophores produce fluorescence spectra with different characteristics when excited by laser light. Therefore, it is theoretically possible to detect and distinguish fluorescent bioaerosols signals in the atmosphere at long distances by combining the LIF principle with a lidar system that emits laser light of a certain wavelength and receives fluorescent signals within a specific band. The wavelength is one of the most important factors affecting the performance of LIF lidar. Then different wavelengths of LIF lidar are analyzed (Tab.1), which need to take into account the fluorescence properties of the target substance. The LIF lidar can be categorized into two primary wavelength bands: one is mainly to excite the fluorescence of specific aromatic amino acids (under 300 nm), while the other is mainly to excite the molecules related to biological metabolism (above 300 nm). Due to the need for mature and reliable lasers for practical applications, most researchers have chosen 266 and 355 nm wavelengths, although some have used 294 nm in order to minimize ozone attenuation. Different photodetectors are also discussed. The LIF lidar bioaerosols detection-related research institutions are marked on a world map provided by the Standard Map Service system (Fig.3), and a list of lidar parameters is also given (Tab.2). After that, the article is divided into 266 nm single-wavelength-excited lidar, 355 nm single-wavelength-excited lidar, other single-wavelength-excited lidar and multi-wavelength-excited lidar to be described. 266 nm-excited lidar is mostly used in the detection of biological warfare agents, which has a high variability of the excitation spectrum, but the detection distance is not far due to the strong absorption of ozone. But as in Fig.4, bioaerosols signals were detected by some researchers at 2.5km during the daytime. 355 nm-excited lidar has been applied to the following aspects: water vapor Raman signals interferes with fluorescence (Fig.5), and some research groups have proposed some optimization algorithms based on the fluorescence principle; 355 nm receives less interference in the air, so many research groups use it to detect long-distance bioaerosols fluorescence signals, and they have built up multi-wavelength lidars, which can detect the integral fluorescence signals of some air pollutants and pollens; also, some research groups have experimented with the ability to detect biological warfare agents and pollens (Fig.6) using bioaerosols fluorescence spectrum. Less research has been done on other wavelengths, but a number of researchers have demonstrated that multi-wavelength lidar provides rich spectral data and has great potential for bioaerosols identification. The characteristics as well as limitations of LIF lidar bioaerosols technology are summarized. The well-performing designs are highlighted for the two types of systems: lidar systems intended for long-term stable atmospheric monitoring and those designed for the rapid identification of biological warfare agents, respectively. In the context of air pollution, epidemic outbreaks, and bioterrorism, bioaerosols lidar, based on LIF technology, has great potential for development as a means of detection with long range, high speed, and remarkable accuracy.